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Core Adult Internal Medicine Disciplines
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Core Adult Internal Medicine Disciplines

Endocrinology and Metabolism

Topics

  • Basic mechanisms of hormone action in health and disease:
    • Structure and synthesis of peptide and steroid hormones.
    • Transport and delivery of hormones to target organs.
    • Negative feedback control of hormone secretion.
    • Interaction of hormones with receptors and second messengers.
    • Molecular endocrinology - the basics.
  • Assessment of endocrine function:
  • Interpreting the results of common endocrine laboratory tests.
  • Assessment and management of functioning and nonfunctioning anterior pituitary tumours, hyperprolactinaemia, acromegaly.
  • Hypopituitarism.
  • Thyroid disorders:
    • Diagnosis and management of hyper- and hypothyroidism, thyroid nodule and goitre.
    • Diagnosis and principles of management of thyroid carcinoma.
  • Diagnosis and management of syndromes of adrenocortical insufficiency and excess.
  • Assessment and principles of management of adult hypogonadism, disorders of fertility, male impotence and use of gonadal hormone replacement.
  • Assessment and management of hirsutism and androgen excess syndromes in children and in adult females.
  • Endocrine causes of hypertension.
  • Investigation and management of hypernatremia and hyponatremia.
  • Diagnosis and management of hypercalcemia, including hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy.
  • Investigation and management of hypocalcemia.
  • Investigation and management of osteoporosis and fractures with minimal trauma:
    • Interpretation of bone mineral density reports in the clinical context of osteoporosis assessment.
  • Paget's disease of bone.
  • Diagnoses and management of important ectopic humoral syndromes.
  • Investigation and management of hyperlipidemia.
  • Diagnosis and management of diabetes and its important ocular, renal, neurologic and vascular complications, including:
    • Initial management of newly presenting diabetes.
    • The pathophysiological basis of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and implications of this for treatment.
    • Management of diabetes during surgery and during acute illness.
    • Multidisciplinary approach to modern diabetes care and the importance of patient participation and diabetes education.
    • The pathophysiological basis of hyperglycaemia/ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia.
    • The causes and consequences of dyslipidaemia and other diabetes related cardiovascular risk factors.
    • Management of erectile dysfunction.
    • Management of renal disease in diabetes.
    • Management of the diabetic foot: prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulceration.
    • Principles of management of diabetes in pregnancy including gestational diabetes.

Practical Skills for all Trainees

  • Ophthalmoscopy for vitreo-retinal disease.
  • Managing insulin and oral hypoglycaemic therapy.
  • Fingerprick blood glucose monitoring.


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